Can someone solve the mystery of Samsung's charging methodology?

I have a Galaxy S4 as well as a Note Pro and they both are mysterious in how they charge. I probably have 100 charger configurations, car chargers, thick 15' USB cables, short cables, data cables, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, aftermarket power supplies, Samsung labeled power supplies, etc...and they all charge these devices at different rates. I have even tried a mod from a forum where some resistors were added to the cable to indicate to the device that the full rate should be used.

All devices are capable of 2A, but some charge at such a low rate that they can't keep up with usage. Other combinations work out about even, where I don't gain or lose any power during usage, and some will gain a bit. The *only* combination that actually charges at a high rate are the chargers that came with the devices. Any other combinations charge at much much lower rates.

How does Samsung determine the device and why do they care so much? Is there any way (even with a rooted device) to tell them to default to the highest rate? I feel like I have read and soldered and bought so many types of AC adapters and cables (FYI, some of this behavior has changed with firmware updates) yet I have no definitive answer to this...

Anyone?

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